• course outline
• pointers in C (review?)

• .o, .a, .so files
• dynamic and static linking
• make
  • rules
  • pattern rules

• user IDs/account abstraction
• POSIX permissions, briefly
• set-user-ID, sudo is not kernel mode

• quiz review
• kernel mode
• system calls

• exceptions
  • other events triggering
• threads and context switches
• process = threads + address space

• Unix signals
  • signal handlers and implementation

• Unix signals
  • signal unsafety
  • handling signals without signal handlers
• processes, threads
• creating new processes
  • fork, exec*
• waiting for processes

• file descriptors
• dup2
• pipe

• virtual memory concept
  • address space and address sizes
• page tables
• loading data on demand (start)

• loading data on demand (finish)
• copy-on-write, other “page table tricks”
• storing page tables in memory

• page tables (finish)
  • pagetable assignment
  • as a tree
  • multi-level lookup example

• caching idea
• (if time) connecting processors to memory
• memory hierarchy
• direct-mapped caches
  • valid bits, tags

• set-associative caches
• (briefly) replacement policies
• cache misses and C code (start)

• cache misses and C code (finish)
• cache write policies

• the TLB

• creating new threads
• thread use examples

• problem of synchronization
• atomicity, race conditions
• reordering
• locks and mutexes
• barriers

(Reiss out of town)

• deadlock
  • examples
  • definition
  • preventing/avoiding

• producer/consumer problem
• monitors
• false sharing
• briefly, transactions

• transcations

• layers
• mailbox analogy
  • best-effort delivery
  • envelope versus contents
• connections atop mailbox model
• names and addresses

• example: a frame
  • layers (link, network, transport)
• IP
  • addresses (v4, v6)
  • routers
• port numbers and UDP
• mapping between addresses and names/other addresses:
  • DNS

• mapping between addresses and names/other addresses (con’t)
  • MAC <-> IP mapping
  • NAT
• URLs

• DHCP

• cryptography
  • symmetric encryption
  • asymmetric encryption
  • digital signature

• replay attacks
• public key infrastructure

• extra cryptography bits
  • cryptographic hashes
  • key exchange
• TLS protocol outline
• review: single-cycle CPU
• pipelining idea
• pipelining for the CPU

• pipelining tradeoffs
• hazards and hazard handling
  • stalling
  • forwarding and forwarding logic

• speculation: guess and check later
• briefly, branch prediction ideas
  • static prediction
  • local history
• idea of multiple issue + out-of-order
• out-of-order pipeline

• register renaming
• instruction queues

• OOO limits

• side channels generally
• side channels in the cache (start)

• side channels in the cache (finish)
• meltdown:
  • speculation past a priv/protection fault
• spectre
  • speculation past a bounds chcek
  • using cache side-channels

• notes